confounding

英 [kənˈfaʊndɪŋ]

美 [kənˈfaʊndɪŋ]

v.  使困惑惊讶; 使惊疑; 证明…有错; 击败，战胜(敌人)
confound的现在分词

现在分词：confounding　

BNC.44060 / COCA.24140

柯林斯词典

• VERB 使困惑;使惊讶
  If someone or somethingconfoundsyou, they make you feel surprised or confused, often by showing you that your opinions or expectations of them were wrong.
  1. He momentarily confounded his critics by his cool handling of the hostage crisis...
     他对人质危机的冷静处理一时让批评者们惊讶不已。
  2. The choice of Governor may confound us all.
     州长的选择可能会让我们所有人感到困惑。

英英释义

adj

• that confounds or contradicts or confuses
  Synonym:contradictory

双语例句

• Rat studies can be very useful in assessing human effects, because studies of people can be hampered by complex confounding factors which could include cigarette smoking, wealth or urban living.
  对老鼠的研究在评估人类的影响方面可能很有用处，因为对人的研究会受到复杂的令人困惑的因素所限制，其中可能包括吸烟、财富或城市生活。
• His editorial highlights confounding variables in the studies.
  他的按语强调了研究中的混杂变量。
• We used Cox regression models to estimate the risk of cancer and adjust for potential confounding factors.
  我们使用Cox回归模型来估计罹患癌症的风险并根据潜在的混淆因素进行校正。
• These genetic studies avoid the confounding that could affect cohort studies;
  这些遗传性研究避免了会影响群组研究的混淆；
• Limitations of this study include possible unmeasured confounding and lack of data concerning cryptorchidism, which is another potential cause of infertility and testicular cancer.
  这项研究的限制包括可能未评量的干扰因素，以及缺乏有关隐睾症相关的数据，这是另一个造成不孕症与睾丸癌的潜在原因。
• A meta-regression analysis is observational in nature and may suffer from confounding bias.
  多元回归分析是观察性的，可能存在混淆偏倚的可能。
• Results showed that working jobs and seniority were the major confounding factors to the prevalences calculation.
  结果表明，工种、工龄是计算粗患病率时的主要混杂因素。
• Researchers cited their attempt to control for the confounding effect of caffeine aversion during pregnancy as a major strength of the study.
  研究人员引用，他们尝试控制在怀孕期间对咖啡因反感的混淆作用，作为研究的主要效果。
• But the validity of such studies was questionable because of confounding factors, including smoking, which contributes to both periodontal disease and cancer.
  不过这类研究的可信性是令人质疑的，因为存在着混杂因素，其中包括吸烟，牙周疾病和癌症都能由吸烟导致。
• Their statistical models attempted to correct for potential confounding variables, such as the fact that an economic downturn and financial uncertainty may increase mortality rates regardless of whether there is a banking crisis.
  他们的统计模型试图校正潜在的混淆性变量，例如，无论是否存在银行业危机，经济衰退和金融不确定性都可能导致死亡率上升。